The ICRISAT Genebank serves as a repository for the collection of germplasm of the six mandate crops sorghum, pearl millet, finger millet, chickpea, pigeonpea and groundnut; and five small millets foxtail millet, little millet, kodo millet, proso millet and barnyard millet.
22.
Several species are cultivated for food or as animal fodder, such as foxtail millet ( " S . italica " ) and korali ( " invasive weeds . " Setaria viridis " is currently being developed as a genetic model system for bioenergy grasses.
23.
The earliest evidence for foxtail millet cultivation outside of its native distribution is at Chengtoushan in the Middle Yangtze River, dating to around 4000 BC . and Guangxi (, near the Vietnamese border ) at around 3000 BC . and the Tibetan Plateau ( Karuo ) at around 3000 BC.
24.
Similarly, millets have been mentioned in some of the oldest extant Yajurveda texts, identifying foxtail millet ( " priyangava " ), Barnyard millet ( " aanava " ) and black finger millet ( " shyaamaka " ), indicating that millet consumption was very common, pre-dating to 4500 BC, during the Indian Bronze Age.
25.
Millets have formed the staple food of Dravidian ( Southern part of India ) population, of which pearl millet formed the most commonly consumed along with Finger millet, proso millet, little millet, kodo millet, Indian barnyard millet and foxtail millet all of which are still commonly cultivated & consumed in India especially Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, Kerala, Karnataka and Maharashtra.
26.
"Setaria viridis " is often confused with " S . faberi, " ( Chinese or Giant Foxtail ), which has sparse, soft hairs on the leaves and a nodding inflorescence . " Setaria viridis " is closely related to " S . italica " ( Foxtail Millet ), which has larger spikelets about 3 mm long and usually smooth, shiny upper lemmas.
27.
The residents of Karuo suddenly abandoned the settlement around 1750 BC . This is likely due to a change in climate, as Karuo likely required optimal conditions ( higher temperatures ) for foxtail millet to be grown successfully; Karuo coincided with a period of warmer temperatures in the region, and a return to cooler temperatures likely made foxtail millet cultivation at the site untenable.
28.
The residents of Karuo suddenly abandoned the settlement around 1750 BC . This is likely due to a change in climate, as Karuo likely required optimal conditions ( higher temperatures ) for foxtail millet to be grown successfully; Karuo coincided with a period of warmer temperatures in the region, and a return to cooler temperatures likely made foxtail millet cultivation at the site untenable.
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