1. Ethylene Glycol and its ethers are nephrotoxic if applied to damaged skin. 2. Fumonisin B 1 is hepatotoxic and nephrotoxic in all animal species tested. 3. Schnellmann, R . G . : Pathophysiology of Nephrotoxic Cell Injury. 4. These agents may also cause kidney impairment, especially in combination with other nephrotoxic agents. 5. It may be less nephrotoxic than indomethacin. 6. While dichloroacetylene is nephrotoxic in rats, it does not show any signs of nephrotoxicity in humans. 7. It has also been shown to have anti-nephrotoxic properties, and to mobilize calcium transport. 8. Schnellmann, R . G . and Kelly, K . : Pathophysiology of Nephrotoxic Acute Renal Failure. 9. However, in AKI, the use of IV contrast is contraindicated as the contrast agent used is nephrotoxic . 10. It is " practically non-toxic " but high doses are probably nephrotoxic after long-term use.
