1. Nitrofurantoin and its metabolites are excreted mainly by the kidneys.2. Nitrofurantoin and the quinolone antibiotics are mutually antagonistic " in vitro ".3. However, a retrospective chart review may suggest nitrofurantoin is not contraindicated in this population. 4. Urinary tract infections can be treated specifically with nitrofurantoin , even in cases of vancomycin resistance. 5. Chronic pulmonary reactions caused by nitrofurantoin include diffuse interstitial pneumonitis, pulmonary fibrosis, or both. 6. Resistance to nitrofurantoin may be chromosomal or plasmid-mediated and involves inhibition of nitrofuran reductase. 7. It is not known which of the actions of nitrofurantoin is primarily responsible for its bactericidal activity. 8. For the same reason, nitrofurantoin should not be given to pregnant women after 38 weeks of pregnancy. 9. At the concentrations achieved in urine ( > 100 ?g / ml ), nitrofurantoin is a bactericide. 10. Nitrofurantoin should not be used in patients with a creatinine clearance of 60 ml / min or less.
