1. Bufalin, ouabain and digoxin are a few toxic cardiac glycosides. 2. The glycosylation of ouabagenin to add the rhamnose moiety produced ouabain . 3. The figure below shows the key steps in the synthesis of ouabain . 4. E contained all the required functionalities and stereochemistry needed to produce ouabain . 5. Post asked whether the enzyme was inhibited by ouabain . 6. Small doses of ouabain can be used to treat hypotension and cardiac arrhythmias. 7. There is disagreement though on whether or not this endogenous substance actually is ouabain . 8. The total synthesis of ouabain was achieved in 2008 by Deslongchamps laboratory in Canada. 9. The structure of E was confirmed by comparison against the degradation product of ouabain . 10. Ataxia is observed for lower ouabain concentrations, dystonia is observed at higher ouabain concentrations.
