The spore sac has a narrow grooved opening at the top where the spores are released.
2.
When the weather dampens, the " petals " moisten and uncurl and some even curl backward lifting the spore sac up.
3.
Found in northeast Brazil in 2008, the species was found with beetles inhabiting the spore sac, likely contributing to spore dissemination.
4.
The spore sac is columella is not well-developed, and broadly club-shaped to columnar; in cross-section it is whitish to pale beige.
5.
It is specific epithet " fimbriatum " means " fringed ", referring to the characteristic edge of the apical spore of the spore sac.
6.
The spore sac is variable in shape, ranging from roughly spherical to egg-shaped or irregular, but it is usually taller than it is wide.
7.
The spores are dispersed when falling water hits the outer wall of the spore sac, creating puffs of air that force the spores through the holes.
8.
This then allows rain or animal movement to hit the spore sac so it will puff out spores when enough moisture is present for them to germinate.
9.
""'Geastrum fornicatum " "', Latin for'arched'or'vaulted') refers to the arched shape of the rays which extend downwards to rest on the mycelial sac and elevate the spore sac.
10.
The fruit bodies of several earthstars are hygroscopic : in dry weather the " petals " will dry and curl up around the soft spore sac, protecting it.
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