1. First, the spatial velocity gradient l is defined as: 2. The Euclidean transformation for the spatial velocity gradient can be written as: 3. This develops a velocity gradient across the cross section of the pipe. 4. The varying composition of the melon creates a sound velocity gradient that refracts sound directionally. 5. Newtons Law is the simplest relationship between the flux of momentum and the velocity gradient . 6. Gurney made a simplifying assumption that there is a linear velocity gradient in the explosive detonation product gases. 7. However, when moving from the center to one of the corners, the velocity gradient is more gradual. 8. These eddies create abnormal fluid velocity gradients which push blood elements such as cholesterol or chylomicron bodies to the endothelium. 9. The breakdown of shear layers into turbulence is routinely observed in flows with velocity gradients , but without systematic rotation. 10. The velocity gradient , or wind shear, can be much greater than those used by birds or full scale sailplanes.
