isotope effect sentence in Hindi
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- The isotope effect showed that materials with heavier ions ( different nuclear isotopes ) had lower superconducting transition temperatures.
- Of the various theoretical treatments of kinetic isotope effects, Bigeleisen's seems to be the most popular.
- The subscript " s " refers to these " semiclassical " kinetic isotope effects, which disregard quantum tunneling.
- In addition, strong isotope effects observed affect the retention time of differently labeled isotopomers in the GC column.
- A generalized treatment of kinetic isotopic effects is via the GEBIK and GEBIF equations describing transient kinetic isotope effects.
- Hydrogen Minerals generally have large isotope effects, and the isotopic composition often follows the pattern observed for precipitation.
- This mechanism is contested by a possible alternative 13 C and deuterium kinetic isotope effects points toward the aldol mechanism.
- A stepwise or a largely asynchronous mechanism has been proposed for the catalyzed reaction based on kinetic isotope effect studies.
- Hence, more often than not, weakening of bending frequencies is not an important cause of large kinetic isotope effects.
- Transpiration exhibits a normal isotope effect, causing enrichment of deuterium in plant leaf water and therefore enrichment of leaf waxes.
- The physical properties of deuterium compounds can exhibit significant kinetic isotope effects and other physical and chemical property differences from the hydrogen analogs.
- In many cases and especially for hydrogen-transfer reactions, contributions to kinetic isotope effects from tunneling are significant ( see below ).
- Simmons and Hartwig refer to the following three cases as the main types of kinetic isotope effect experiments involving C-H bond functionalization:
- For the solvent isotope effects to be measurable, a finite fraction of the solvent must have a different isotopic composition than the rest.
- Therefore, large amounts of the less common isotopic species must be available, limiting observable solvent isotope effects to isotopic substitutions involving hydrogen.
- Kinetic isotope effect ( KIE ) is a measurement of the reaction rate of isotope-labeled reactants against the more common natural substrate.
- In one study the kinetic isotope effect ( KIE ) was determined for the gas phase reaction of several alkyl halides with the chlorate ion.
- The magnitudes of such secondary isotope effects at the ?-carbon are largely determined by the C ?-H ( D ) vibrations.
- The kinetic isotope effect leads to a specific distribution of deuterium isotopes in natural products, depending on the route they were synthesized in nature.
- Because of the exponential dependence, even very low kinetic isotope effects lead to large changes in isotopic composition of the starting material at high conversions.
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