okazaki fragments sentence in Hindi
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- As the Okazaki fragments are synthesized, the RNA primers are replaced with DNA nucleotides and the fragments are bonded together in a continuous complementary strand.
- During DNA replication of circular bacterial genomes, multiple proteins are involved in synthesizing the leading strand, and the Okazaki fragments on the lagging strand.
- This process is referred to as'maturation of Okazaki fragments', and ligase ( see below ) completes the final step in the maturation process.
- The viral DNA polymerase then uses a strand displacement mechanism, as opposed to the conventional Okazaki fragments used in mammalian DNA replication, to replicate the genome.
- There are two problems after leading and lagging strand synthesis : RNA remains in the duplex and there are nicks between each Okazaki fragment in the lagging duplex.
- While this process seems quite simple and repetitive, defects in Okazaki fragment maturation can cause DNA strand breakage which can cause varying forms of " chromosome aberrations ".
- The discontinuous stretches of DNA replication products on the lagging strand are known as Okazaki fragments and are about 100 to 200 bases in length at eukaryotic replication forks.
- The leading strand is continuously extended from the primer by a DNA polymerase with high processivity, while the lagging strand is extended discontinuously from each primer forming Okazaki fragments.
- The Okazakis'experiments provided extensive information on the replication process of DNA and the existence of short, newly synthesized DNA chains that later became known as Okazaki fragments.
- An enzyme called "'DNA ligase "'connects the gap in the backbone by forming a phosphodiester bond between each gap that separates the Okazaki fragments.
- This is because the FFAA mutation keeps FEN1 from interacting with PCNA ( proliferating cell nuclear antigen ), consequently not allowing it to complete its purpose during Okazaki fragment maturation.
- After DNA repair factors replace the ribonucleotides of the primer with deoxynucleotides, a single gap remains in the sugar-phosphate backbone between each Okazaki fragment in the lagging duplex.
- Importantly, this priming action occurs at replication initiation at origins to begin leading-strand synthesis and also at the 5'end of each Okazaki fragment on the lagging strand.
- Pol ? is responsible for the initiation of DNA replication at origins of replication ( on both the leading and lagging strands ) and during synthesis of Okazaki fragments on the lagging strand.
- While the leading strand can use a single RNA primer to extend the 5'terminus of the replicating DNA strand, multiple RNA primers are responsible for lagging strand synthesis, creating Okazaki fragments.
- The leading strand is primed once, and the lagging strand is primed approximately every 1000 ( + /-200 ) base pairs ( one primer for each Okazaki fragment on the lagging strand ).
- The leading strand is synthesized continuously and in juxtapose to the leading strand; the lagging strand is replicated through short fragments of polynucleotide ( Okazaki fragments ) in a 5'to 3'direction.
- Lagging strand synthesis takes place after the helicase has unwound a sufficient quantity of the lagging strand, and this " sufficient quantity of the lagging strand " is polymerised in discrete nucleotide chains called Okazaki fragments.
- DNA Pol III uses one set of its core subunits to synthesize the leading strand continuously, while the other set of core subunits cycles from one Okazaki fragment to the next on the looped lagging strand.
- However recombination can be restored to near normal levels by a deletion in " rad2 ", a gene that encodes an endonuclease involved in Okazaki fragment processing ( Farah et al ., 2005 ).
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