thebaine sentence in Hindi
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- Opium is dried and processed at these factories for export and is also used for extraction of various products like Codeine phosphate, Thebaine, Morphine sulphate, Noscapine etc.
- Although modification of thebaine is the most common way of making thebacon, it is not uncommonly prepared by refluxing hydrocodone with acetic anhydride, generally similar to how diacetylmorphine is produced.
- Through selective breeding of the " Papaver somniferum " plant, the content of the phenanthrene alkaloids morphine, codeine, and to a lesser extent thebaine has been greatly increased.
- He sought ways to induce seizures in animals with chemicals; after trials with the alkaloids strychnine, thebaine, coramine, caffeine, and brucin, he settled on camphor dissolved in oil as effective and reliable.
- Dried " Papaver somniferum " capsules and stems will, if harvested and dried by the usual protocol, contain significantly lower quantities of thebaine than opium made from latex as well as somewhat more codeine.
- It was announced in 1973 that a team at the National Institutes of Health in the United States had developed a method for total synthesis of morphine, codeine, and thebaine using coal tar as a starting material.
- A shortage in codeine-hydrocodone class cough suppressants ( all of which can be made from morphine in one or more steps, as well as from codeine or thebaine ) was the initial reason for the research.
- The company patented a poppy variety called " Norman " which was stated, in the 1999 " Tasmanian Alkaloids Poppy Grower s Bulletin " to be the first variety lacking morphine and codeine, while still containing thebaine and oripavine.
- This was because " P . bracteatum " does not contain morphine, which is converted to heroin, but is high in thebaine for legal codeine production, which was in crisis at the time because of the dwindling Turkish supply.
- In modern times, much of the thebaine, which often serves as the raw material for the synthesis for hydrocodone, hydromorphone, and other semisynthetic opiates, originates from extracting " Papaver orientale " or " Papaver bracteatum ".
- It is also a precursor for many drugs including heroin ( 3, 6-diacetylmorphine ), hydromorphone ( dihydromorphinone ), and oxymorphone ( 14-hydroxydihydromorphinone ); many morphine derivatives can also be manufactured using thebaine or codeine as a starting material.
- Salutaridine synthase uses ( " R " )-reticuline, NADPH, H +, and O 2 to produce salutaridine, NADP +, and H 2 O . Salutaridine can then be transformed progressively to thebaine, oripavine, and morphine.
- It was long been known that opium, a sticky mixture of alkaloids ( including codeine, morphine, noscapine, thebaine, and papaverine ) from the opium poppy ( Papaver somniferum ), possessed a narcotic and at the same time mind-altering properties.
- A cultivar for opium production, " Papaver somniferum L . elite ", contains 91.2 percent morphine, codeine, and thebaine in its latex alkaloids, whereas in the latex of the condiment cultivar " Marianne ", these three alkaloids total only 14.0 percent.
- The Norman strain of " P . Somniferum ", also developed in Tasmania, produces down to 0.04 % morphine but with much higher amounts of thebaine and oripavine, which can be used to synthesise semi-synthetic opioids as well as other drugs like stimulants, emetics, opioid antagonists, anticholinergics, and smooth-muscle agents.
- Of the major naturally occurring opiates of the morphinan type morphine, codeine and thebaine thebaine has no therapeutic properties ( it causes seizures in mammals ), but it provides a low-cost feedstock for the synthesis of at least four semi-synthetic opiates, including hydrocodone, hydromorphone, oxycodone and oxymorphone, and, perhaps more significantly, the opioid antagonist naloxone.
- Thebaine is controlled under international law, is listed as a Class A drug under the Misuse of Drugs Act 1971 in the United Kingdom, is controlled as an analog of a Schedule II drug per the Analog Act in the United States, and is controlled with its derivatives and salts, as a Schedule I substance of the Controlled Drugs and Substances Act in Canada.
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