epiphenomenalism sentence in Hindi
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- The idea that even if the animal were conscious nothing would be added to the production of behavior, even in animals of the human type, was first voiced by subjective argument for epiphenomenalism, but later refuted it and embraced physicalism.
- Santayana was an early adherent of epiphenomenalism, but also admired the classical materialism of Democritus and Lucretius ( of the three authors on whom he wrote in " Three Philosophical Poets ", Santayana speaks most favorably of Lucretius ).
- However, some philosophers do not accept this principle, and accept epiphenomenalism, which states that mental events are caused by physical events, but physical events are not caused by mental events ( called " causal impotence " ).
- The non-reductive physicalist is forced to choose between two unappealing options : one could reject the causal-exclusion principle and claim that in this scenario we are dealing with a genuine case of overdetermination, or one could embrace epiphenomenalism.
- "' Epiphenomenalism "'is a mind body philosophy marked by the belief that basic physical events ( sense organs, neural impulses, and muscle contractions ) are causal with respect to mental events ( thought, consciousness, and cognition ).
- Thomas Huxley famously noted that epiphenomenalism treats mental states like the steam coming off a train : it plays no causal role in the train's moving forward, it is merely an " emergent property " of the actual causation occurring in the engine.
- That ability would seem to be at odds with early epiphenomenalism, which according to Huxley is the broad claim that consciousness is completely without any power & as the steam-whistle which accompanies the work of a locomotive engine is without influence upon its machinery .
- Others have argued that data such as the Bereitschaftspotential undermine epiphenomenalism for the same reason, that such experiments rely on a subject reporting the point in time at which a conscious experience occurs, thus relying on the subject to be able to consciously perform an action.
- In " Consciousness Explained ", Daniel Dennett distinguishes between a purely metaphysical sense of epiphenomenalism, in which the epiphenomenon has no causal impact at all, and Huxley's " steam whistle " epiphenomenalism, in which effects exist but are not functionally relevant.
- In " Consciousness Explained ", Daniel Dennett distinguishes between a purely metaphysical sense of epiphenomenalism, in which the epiphenomenon has no causal impact at all, and Huxley's " steam whistle " epiphenomenalism, in which effects exist but are not functionally relevant.
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