isotope effect sentence in Hindi
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- If the isotope is placed in the molecule at a position directly involved in the mechanism of the reaction, a kinetic isotope effect is expected.
- Such isotope effects are exceedingly common, and so it is well known that deuterium substitution will indeed change the binding constants of molecules to protein receptors.
- His basic general equation for the hydrogen / deuterium kinetic isotope effects is given below, neglecting tunnelling contributions which can be introduced as a separate factor.
- For isotope effects involving elements other than hydrogen, most of these simplifications are not valid, and may depend largely on some of the neglected factors.
- Detectable kinetic isotope effects occur only when solutes exchange hydrogen with the solvent or when there is a specific solute-solvent interaction near the reaction site.
- Because kinetic isotope effects typically favor transformation of light isotopes ( e . g ., ), heavy isotopes ( 13C ) become enriched in residues.
- In the reaction of methyl bromide and cyanide ( shown in the introduction ), the observed methyl carbon kinetic isotope effect indicates an S N 2 mechanism.
- For intermediate cases where both steps have comparable rates, the magnitude of the kinetic isotope effect will depend on the ratio of k 3 and k 2.
- At the same time there are significantly large 13 C isotope effects, suggesting rate-limiting C C bond breakage, as expected with the aldol mechanism.
- In such a case, transformation mechanisms are identifiable from plots of / versus / parent compound data, reflecting different underlying carbon-and nitrogen-isotope effects.
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