thomson coefficient sentence in Hindi
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- Under such conditions, the Joule-Thomson coefficient is negative, as seen in the figure above.
- This equation can be used to obtain Joule-Thomson coefficients from the more easily measured isothermal Joule Thomson coefficient.
- This equation can be used to obtain Joule-Thomson coefficients from the more easily measured isothermal Joule Thomson coefficient.
- Helium has a negative Joule-Thomson coefficient at normal ambient temperatures, meaning it heats up when allowed to freely expand.
- Where \ scriptstyle \ boldsymbol \ nabla T is the temperature gradient and \ scriptstyle \ mathcal K is the Thomson coefficient.
- The Thomson coefficient is unique among the three main thermoelectric coefficients because it is the only one directly measurable for individual materials.
- Thus at low temperature, Z and PV will increase as the gas expands, resulting in a positive Joule-Thomson coefficient.
- It is difficult to think physically about what the Joule Thomson coefficient, \ mu _ { \ mathrm { JT } }, represents.
- It is used in the following to obtain a mathematical expression for the Joule-Thomson coefficient in terms of the volumetric properties of a fluid.
- This provides an expression for the Joule Thomson coefficient in terms of the commonly available properties heat capacity, molar volume, and thermal expansion coefficient.
- Where the Gibbs Thomson Coefficient k _ { GT } assumes different values for different liquids and different interfacial geometries ( spherical / cylindrical / planar ).
- At high temperature, Z and PV decrease as the gas expands; if the decrease is large enough, the Joule-Thomson coefficient will be negative.
- Since this is true at all temperatures for ideal gases ( see expansion in gases ), the Joule Thomson coefficient of an ideal gas is zero at all temperatures.
- If the Thomson coefficient of a material is measured over a wide temperature range, it can be integrated using the Thomson relations to determine the absolute values for the Peltier and Seebeck coefficients.
- Where \ scriptstyle T is the absolute temperature, \ scriptstyle \ mathcal K is the Thomson coefficient, \ scriptstyle \ Pi is the Peltier coefficient, and \ scriptstyle S is the Seebeck coefficient.
- The first step in obtaining these results is to note that the Joule Thomson coefficient involves the three variables " T ", " P ", and " H ".
- By proxy, these measurements led to the determination of absolute Seebeck coefficients for " all materials ", even up to higher temperatures, by a combination of Thomson coefficient integrations and thermocouple circuits.
- In particular, the 1932 measurements may have incorrectly measured the Thomson coefficient over the range 20 K to 50 K . Since nearly all subsequent publications relied on those measurements, this would mean that all of the commonly used values of absolute Seebeck coefficient ( including those shown in the figures ) are too low by about 0.3 ?V / K, for all temperatures above 50 K.
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