Another reaction featuring a boronate alkyl migration is the Petasis reaction.
2.
The last coupling was performed via a Suzuki union of vinyl iodide with the boronate derived of alkyl iodide.
3.
Another important class of compounds that can be derived from boronate esters is ?-substituted benzylamines, some of which are commercially useful.
4.
MIDA boronate esters and organotrifluoroborates have both been utilised in " slow release " strategies, in which the reaction conditions are optimised to provide a slow release of boronic acid.
5.
The studies above have all utilized oxidation of the boronate esters to produce alcohols, which is a severe limitation to the synthetic scope of such species, especially when they can be made enantioselectively.
6.
Several reversible reactions have been proposed and / or applied in protein-directed DCC . These included boronate ester formation, diselenides-disulfides exchange, disulphide formation, hemithiolacetal formation, hydrazone formation, imine formation and thiol-enone exchange.
7.
Hecker et al . argue this specificity results from the higher affinity of human serine hydrolases for linear substrates similar to their endogenous substrates; in their view, these substrate preferences suggest it is unsurprising that human serine hydrolases have low affinity for a cyclic boronate like vaborbactam.
8.
An alternative approach is by photo-induced electron transfer ( PET ), a mechanism of fluorescence-quenching due to the electron-rich tertiary amino group near the fluorophore, which is affected by the change in charge of the nearby boronate group when glucose is bound.
9.
The intermolecular reaction of the hydroxy-pyrone and ?, ? unsaturated ester shown below suffered from poor yield and regioselectivity; however, when directed by phenylboronic acid the desired adduct could be obtained in 61 % yield after cleavage of the boronate with 2, 2-dimethyl-1, 3-propanediol.
10.
An alternative use of boronic acid in hydrogels is seen in Stokke in Norway where the swelling of a boronate functionalized acrylamide gel due to charge change upon glucose binding is measured by a Fabry P�rot interferometer on the other end of the fibre ( note that this a different method than fluorescence and relies on scattering ).
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