The first fishes with jaws ( Gnathostomata ) appeared during the next geological period, the Ordovician.
2.
It is now assumed that Gnathostomata evolved from ancestors that already possessed a pair of both pectoral and pelvic fins.
3.
Even rarer, the myelin is highly organized, resembling the well-organized wrapping found in vertebrates ( Gnathostomata ).
4.
Phylogenetic research in 1998 and 1999 supported the idea that the hagfish and the lampreys form a natural group, the Cyclostomata, that is a sister group of the Gnathostomata.
5.
The other vertebrate superclass is Gnathostomata ( jawed mouths ) and includes the classes Chondrichthyes ( sharks ), Osteichthyes ( bony fishes ), Amphibia, Reptilia, Aves, and Mammalia.
6.
Late Ordovician-aged microfossils of what have been identified as scales of either acanthodians or " shark-like fishes ", may mark Gnathostomata's first appearance in the fossil record.
7.
The argument is that if the Cyclostomata are indeed monophyletic, Vertebrata would return to its old content ( Gnathostomata + Cyclostomata ) and the name Craniata, being superfluous, would become a junior synonym.
8.
However, the validity of the taxon " Craniata " was recently examined by Delarbre et al . ( 2002 ) using mtDNA sequence data, concluding the Myxini are more closely related to Hyperoartia than to Gnathostomata i . e ., that modern jawless fishes form a clade called Cyclostomata.
9.
A "'craniate "'is a member of "'Craniata "'( sometimes "'Craniota "'), a proposed clade of chordate animals that contains the Myxini ( hagfish ), Petromyzontida ( including lampreys ), and the much more numerous Gnathostomata ( jawed vertebrates ) as living representatives.
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