1. Hydronephrosis is the result of any of several abnormal pathophysiological occurrences.2. It can occur as a complication of hydronephrosis or pyelonephritis. 3. A CT scan of the abdomen will also demonstrate bladder distension or hydronephrosis . 4. Nephrostomies may also be required to treat pyonephrosis, hydronephrosis and kidney stones. 5. Hydronephrosis as well as pyelonephritis have also been reported in a few individuals.6. A kidney ultrasound will demonstrate hydronephrosis if present. 7. Imaging looking for abnormal bladder morphology or vesicoureteral reflux / hydronephrosis may be helpful. 8. Hydronephrosis and renal failure may also occur.9. Cystography can be used to evaluate bladder cancer, vesicoureteral reflux, bladder polyps, and hydronephrosis . 10. All had marked dilatation of the bladder and some had hydronephrosis and the external appearance of prune belly.
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