It is metabolized by cytochrome P450 into 4-hydroxycyclophosphamide, which is then converted into aldophosphamide, which, in turn yields the cytotoxic metabolites phosphoramide mustard and acrolein.
2.
ALDHs protect these actively proliferating tissues against toxic effects of phosphoramide mustard and acrolein by converting aldophosphamide to carboxycyclophosphamide that does not give rise to the toxic metabolites phosphoramide mustard and acrolein.
3.
ALDHs protect these actively proliferating tissues against toxic effects of phosphoramide mustard and acrolein by converting aldophosphamide to carboxycyclophosphamide that does not give rise to the toxic metabolites phosphoramide mustard and acrolein.
4.
The term phosphoramide can also refer to the class of compounds in which one or more of the amino groups is substituted, such as in hexamethylphosphoramide ( HMPA ) which is used as a solvent.
5.
However, in studies carried out after the clinical efficacy of cyclophosphamide was demonstrated, phosphoramide mustard proved to be cytotoxic " in vitro " ( footnote omitted ), but to have a low therapeutic index " in vivo ".
6.
It is then partially tautomerized into aldophosphamide, which, in turn, easily enters live cells and then is partially detoxified into inactive carboxycyclophosphamide by the enzyme ALDH, but partially is hydrolyzed by another cell's enzyme phosphatase to the two directly cytotoxic metabolites-phosphoramide mustard and acrolein.
7.
"' Hexamethylphosphoramide "', often abbreviated HMPA, is a phosphoramide ( i . e . an amide of phosphoric acid ) with the formula [ ( CH 3 ) 2 N ] 3 PO . This colorless liquid is a useful polar aprotic solvent and additive in organic synthesis.
8.
Phosphoramide mustard, one of the principle toxic metabolites of cyclophosphamide, was synthesized and reported by Friedman and Seligman in 1954 & It was postulated that the presence of the phosphate bond to the nitrogen atom could inactivate the nitrogen mustard moiety, but the phosphate bond would be cleaved in gastric cancers and other tumors which had a high phosphamidase content.
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