1. Note that labile protons (-OH, protium atom. 2. Water enriched in molecules that include deuterium instead of protium is called heavy water. 3. Compare protium , hydroxide, water. 4. Like protium , deuterium was produced very early in the universe's history during the Big Bang nucleosynthesis. 5. Like the water-cycle in Earth's weather, such heating processes may enrich deuterium with respect to protium . 6. A molecule of heavy water has two deuterium atoms in place of the two protium atoms of ordinary " light " water. 7. This is because the nucleus of deuterium is twice as heavy as protium , and this causes noticeable differences in bonding energies. 8. Tritium is also used in NMR, as it is the only nucleus more sensitive than protium , generating very large signals. 9. There is a large difference in scattering length between protium (-0.374 ) and deuterium ( 0.667 ). 10. Examples of such NMR active nuclei are the isotopes carbon-13 and hydrogen-1 ( which is often referred to as protium ).
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