1. The puparium splits open only when the imago forces its way out. 2. Oviposition is into the egg or larva and emergence is from the puparium . 3. The change in colour of the puparium can determine the age of the pupa. 4. The fourth instar is the puparium . 5. Once it has inserted its pharate adult that usually is visible through the wall of the puparium . 6. The puparium is oval, pointed at ends ( because the larval extremities remain relatively unchanged ). 7. After three larval instars, a white pre-pupa which immediately forms a hard dark puparium . 8. Barring any disturbances to the cocoon, an adult flea will emerge from the puparium after 9 15 days. 9. During the next stage of its life cycle, the larva will molt into a pupa inside of the puparium . 10. Then, the larva puparium , a sclerotized or hardened cuticle of the last larval instar, develops into the pupa.
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