Antianginal effects result from negative chronotropic and inotropic effects, which decrease cardiac workload and oxygen demand.
12.
Hypercalcemia can result in an increase in heart rate and a positive inotropic effect ( increase in contractility ).
13.
Calcium channel blockers are generally contraindicated due to their negative inotropic effect, particularly in cardiomyopathy caused by amyloidosis.
14.
A third need inotropic ( inotrope ) support, and about 5 % require inhaled nitric oxide during transport.
15.
The phenylalkylamine class of CCBs mainly affect the cells of the heart and have negative inotropic and negative chronotropic effects.
16.
The calcium channel blockers typically used are verapamil and diltiazem, because of their combined vasodilator and negative inotropic effects.
17.
The parasympathetic nervous system, through the action of vagus nerve, exerts a negative inotropic effect upon the heart.
18.
Current inotropic therapies work by increasing the force of cardiac contraction, such as through calcium conduction or modulating adrenoreceptors.
19.
One of the most important factors affecting inotropic state is the level of calcium in the cytoplasm of the muscle cell.
20.
Isoprenaline has positive inotropic and chronotropic effects on the heart . ? 2 adrenoceptor stimulation in arteriolar smooth muscle induces vasodilation.
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