11. It is also an essential axon-derived survival factor and a mitogen for Schwann cell precursors. 12. The first mitogen -activated protein kinase to be discovered was ERK1 ( MAPK3 ) in mammals. 13. Tryptase is involved with allergenic response and is suspected to act as a mitogen for fibroblast lines. 14. TPA has a specific use in cancer diagnostics as a B-cell specific mitogen in cytogenetic testing. 15. This kinase is specifically activated by mitogen -activated protein kinase kinase 5 ( MAP2K5 / MEK5 ). 16. In ocular surface physiology this activity functions as an off / on switch for the prosecretory mitogen lacritin. 17. This kinase functions as a mitogen -activated protein kinase ( MAP kinase )-activated protein kinase. 18. Thrombin, a potent vasoconstrictor and mitogen , is implicated as a major factor in vasospasm following subarachnoid hemorrhage. 19. Shear stress leads to the activation and expression of all mitogen activated kinases ERK-1 and-2. 20. SPRY4 is an inhibitor of the receptor-transduced mitogen -activated protein kinase ( MAPK ) signaling pathway.