5?-Pregnane is the parent of the progesterones, pregnane alcohols, ketones, and several adrenocortical hormones and is found largely in urine as a compounds.
12.
The constitutive androstane receptor, pregnane X receptor and nuclear factor ( erythroid-derived 2 )-like 2 ( Nrf2 ) transcription factors are involved in mediating induction.
13.
Hans Selye demonstrated in the 1940 that certain pregnane alphaxalone ( 5?-pregnan-3?-ol-11, 20 dione ) enhanced both stimulus-evoked inhibition and the effects of exogenously applied muscimol which is a GABA A selective agonist.
14.
Progesterone is a weak but significant agonist of the pregnane X receptor ( PXR ), and has been found to induce several hepatic cytochrome P450 enzymes, such as CYP3A4, especially when concentrations are high, such as with pregnancy range levels.
15.
Estrane ( C18 ) is the 13?-methyl variant of gonane, androstane ( C19 ) is the 10?, 13?-dimethyl variant of gonane, and pregnane ( C21 ) is the 10?, 13?-dimethyl, 17?-ethyl variant of gonane.
16.
Progesterone and some of its metabolites, such as 5?-dihydroprogesterone, are agonists of the pregnane X receptor ( PXR ), albeit weakly so ( induces several hepatic cytochrome P450 enzymes, such as CYP3A4, especially during pregnancy when concentrations are much higher than usual.
17.
A collaborative study between the U . S . Environmental Protection Agency ( EPA ) and the University of New Hampshire investigated the effect of DE-71, a commercial PBDE mixture, on PEPCK enzyme kinetics and determined that in vivo treatment of the environmental pollutant compromises liver glucose and lipid metabolism possibly by activation of the pregnane xenobiotic receptor ( PXR ), and may influence whole-body insulin sensitivity.
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