In a phagosome, superoxide can spontaneously form hydrogen peroxide that will undergo further reactions to generate reactive oxygen species ( ROS ).
22.
For this reason, as well as to avoid phagolysosomal fusion and death, " rickettsiae " must escape from the phagosome.
23.
Following internalization, the microbe is enclosed in a vesicular phagosome which then undergoes fusion with primary or secondary lysosomes, forming a phagolysosome.
24.
Upon stimulation, granulocytes and monocytes produce reactive oxygen metabolites ( superoxide anion, hydrogen peroxide, hypochlorous acid ) which destroy bacteria inside the phagosome.
25.
To escape from the phagosome, the bacteria secrete phospholipase D and hemolysin C . This causes disruption of the phagosomal membrane and allows the bacteria to escape.
26.
For example, when a macrophage ingests a pathogenic microorganism, the pathogen becomes trapped in a phagosome which then fuses with a lysosome to form a phagolysosome.
27.
They can internalize and kill many microbes, each phagocytic event resulting in the formation of a phagosome into which reactive oxygen species and hydrolytic enzymes are secreted.
28.
When the membranes of the phagosome and lysosome'collide', the lysosomal contents are discharged in an explosive manner and toxic molecules are released into the phagosome.
29.
When the membranes of the phagosome and lysosome'collide', the lysosomal contents are discharged in an explosive manner and toxic molecules are released into the phagosome.
30.
Phosphatidylinositol and Vps34-Beclin1 signalling pathways have been implicated to traffic the endocytosed phagosome to intracellular lysosomes, where fusion of the phagosome and the lysosome produces a phagolysosome.
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