41. Using this mode of reasoning, an individual excludes the particular outgroup member from the outgroup. 42. Using this mode of reasoning, an individual excludes the particular outgroup member from the outgroup . 43. Upon inclusion of the outgroup in the self, we now give that group several benefits. 44. This ethnocentrism can cause ingroup members to look down upon outgroup members, yielding negative interactions. 45. Another body of research looked at ingroup and outgroup homogeneity from the perspective of social identity theory. 46. Therefore, an appropriate outgroup must be unambiguously outside the clade of interest in the phylogenetic study. 47. The significance of ingroup and outgroup categorization was identified using a method called the minimal group paradigm. 48. Jigsaws liked ingroup and outgroup peers more in work-oriented relationships, but not for coops. 49. Essentially, representation of the outgroup and its identity is shared with our representation of the self. 50. Ingroup members tend to be significantly better than outgroup members at detecting other ingroup members'anxiety.
