In particular, they are modified postganglionic cells of the autonomic nervous system that have lost their axons and dendrites, receiving innervation from corresponding preganglionic fibers.
42.
The sympathetic nervous system also has some preganglionic nerves terminating at the chromaffin cells in the adrenal medulla, which secrete epinephrine and norepinephrine into the bloodstream.
43.
Acetylcholine released by preganglionic sympathetic fibers of these nerves acts on nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, causing cell depolarization and an influx of calcium through voltage-gated calcium channels.
44.
Reelin may also ensure correct neuronal positioning in the spinal cord : according to one study, location and level of its expression affects the movement of sympathetic preganglionic neurons.
45.
The preganglionic fibers depart CN IX as the tympanic nerve and continue to the middle ear where they make up a tympanic plexus on the cochlear promontory of the mesotympanum.
46.
In the case of the gut, for example, the autonomic neurones do not form distinct ganglia, but rather the preganglionic neurons synapse within the Enteric nervous system.
47.
The adrenal medulla is considered a sympathetic ganglion and, like other sympathetic ganglia, is supplied by cholinergic preganglionic sympathetic fibers : acetylcholine is the neurotransmitter utilized at this synapse.
48.
Conversely, afferent input causes contraction of the sphincter through excitation of Onuf's nucleus, and contraction of the bladder neck and urethra through excitation of the sympathetic preganglionic neurons.
49.
Previously, it had been proposed to rename this group of non-preganglionic, neuropeptide-containing neurons to perioculomotor subgriseal neuronal stream, abbreviated " pIII SG ".
50.
It has been suggested that large doses ( ) of NmU inhibits the activity of the paraventricular nucleus of hypothalamus and / or the sympathetic preganglionic neurons, thus controlling the activity.
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