Thermotaxis is movement along a gradient of temperature.
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Recent research suggests that mammalian sperm employ thermotaxis to move to an appropriate location in the female's oviduct ( see Sperm guidance ).
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Sperm guidance by either chemotaxis or thermotaxis can potentially be used to obtain sperm populations that are enriched with capacitated spermatozoa for in vitro fertilization procedures.
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"M . incognita " has been found to be able to move along shallower temperature gradients ( 0.001C / cm ) than any other known organism, an example of thermotaxis.
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The temperature gradient in the rabbit oviduct was calculated to be at the order of 0.1 �C / cm ( Bahat and Eisenbach, 2006 ), within the range of known thermotaxis systems.
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Since temperature affects almost every process, much attention has been devoted to the question of whether the measurements, mentioned just above, truly demonstrate thermotaxis or whether they reflect another temperature-dependent process.
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Following the suggestion of Hunter ( 1998 ) that this temperature difference might serve as a cue for guiding spermatozoa to the site of fertilization, Bahat et al . ( 2003 ) demonstrated that rabbit and human spermatozoa are able to sense small temperature differences and respond to them by thermotaxis.
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This belief was taken apart when it became clear that only few of the ejaculated spermatozoa in humans, only ~ 1 of every million spermatozoa succeed in entering the oviducts ( Fallopian tubes ) and when more recent studies showed that mammalian spermatozoa employ at least three different mechanisms, each of which can potentially serve as a guidance mechanism : chemotaxis, thermotaxis and rheotaxis.
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