undulator sentence in Hindi
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- Imagine you are sitting on an electron passing through the undulator.
- The usual description of the undulator is relativistic but classical.
- Hans Motz and his coworkers at Stanford demonstrated the first undulator in 1952.
- The polarization of the emitted radiation can be controlled by using permanent magnets to induce different periodic electron trajectories through the undulator.
- Examples include Radio Frequency Quadrupoles ( RFQs ) and Compact Absorbers for High-Heat-Load X-ray Undulator Beamlines.
- For an undulator with N periods, the brightness can be up to N ^ { 2 } more than a bending magnet.
- The many small turns in an undulator have the advantage that the cone of synchrotron radiation is all in one direction, forward.
- Four use permanent magnet undulators designed and assembled at the CLS, including one in-vacuum undulator and one elliptically polarized undulator ( EPU ).
- Four use permanent magnet undulators designed and assembled at the CLS, including one in-vacuum undulator and one elliptically polarized undulator ( EPU ).
- This process continues until the electrons are completely microbunched and the radiation reaches a saturated power several orders of magnitude higher than that of the undulator radiation.
- Due to Lorentz contraction the undulator is shortened by a \ gamma factor and the electron experiences much shorter undulator wavelength \ lambda _ u / \ gamma.
- Due to Lorentz contraction the undulator is shortened by a \ gamma factor and the electron experiences much shorter undulator wavelength \ lambda _ u / \ gamma.
- In an undulator source the radiation produced by the oscillating electrons interferes constructively with the motion of other electrons, causing the radiation spectrum to have a relatively narrow bandwidth.
- After compression, the beam, consisting now of sub-picosecond bunches, enters the magnetic undulator that constitutes a major part of the mid-IR Free Electron Laser ( FEL ).
- The performance of high flux ( ~ 10 14-10 15 photons / s ) and narrow bandwidth makes the laser-based ARPES overwhelm the synchrotron radiation ARPES even though the best undulator beamlines are used.
- Where \ lambda _ u is the undulator wavelength ( the spatial period of the magnetic field ), \ gamma is the relativistic Lorentz factor and the proportionality constant depends on the undulator geometry and is of the order of 1.
- Where \ lambda _ u is the undulator wavelength ( the spatial period of the magnetic field ), \ gamma is the relativistic Lorentz factor and the proportionality constant depends on the undulator geometry and is of the order of 1.
- The second factor of N comes from the reduction of the emission angle associated with these harmonics, which is reduced as 1 / N . When the electrons come with half the period, they interfere destructively, the undulator stays dark.
- This means that although a precise calculation is tedious, the undulator can be seen as a black box, where only functions inside the device affect how an input is converted to an output; an electron enters the box and an electromagnetic pulse exits through a small exit slit.
- The HiSOR has two insertion devices, a linear undulator and a helical undulator, in the two linear sections of the ring and has an electron energy of 0.7 GeV with a nominal beam current of 300 mA . The ring itself has a circumference of 22 m.
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